The 5 largest oil producers in Africa in January 2025

For decades, Africa has played a central role on the global oil scene, with its natural resources fuelling international markets and underpinning regional economies. According to the latest report from the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), the continent maintained its strategic position in January 2025, despite challenges such as price volatility, political instability and the rise of renewable energies. Here's a look at the five leading African producers who have made their mark at the start of the year, demonstrating their resilience and influence in a fast-changing sector.

1. Nigeria: the undisputed leader

Nigeria retains its position as Africa's leading oil producer, with production of 1.495 mb/d in January 2025, despite a slight decline of 0.029 mb/d compared with previous months. This West African giant remains the driving force behind the continent's oil industry, buoyed by abundant reserves and an economy in which oil remains an essential pillar. The Dangote refinery, now fully operational, reinforces this dominance by ensuring a stable supply and promising a potential reduction in fuel costs. With economic growth of 3.5% in the third quarter of 2024, Nigeria is overcoming challenges such as record inflation of 34.9% last December, affirming its resilience.

2. Libya: a Mediterranean pillar

In second place is Libya, with production of 1.277 mb/d in January 2025, down slightly by 0.017 mb/d. Its vast reserves, particularly in the Syrte basin, make it a key player for both Africa and the Mediterranean region. However, Libya's oil future remains dependent on political stability, a key factor in maintaining or increasing its volumes. Despite these uncertainties, Libya continues to play an important role in the global energy balance.

3. Algeria: the North African powerhouse

Algeria ranks third with 0.895 mb/d, a decrease of 0.008 mb/d compared with December 2024. Driven by the iconic Hassi Messaoud oilfields, this North African nation is capitalising on its strategic geographical position and robust energy infrastructure. Although faced with a global energy transition, Algeria remains a reliable and influential supplier on international markets.

4. Republic of Congo: modest but promising growth

The Republic of Congo will reach 0.260 mb/d in January 2025, marking a slight increase thanks to recent investments and strategic partnerships. This Central African producer is consolidating its position as one of the continent's leaders, illustrating its determination to optimise its oil sector. Its progress, albeit modest, reflects a growing ambition and a strengthened role in the regional dynamic.

5. Gabon: stability and consistency

Gabon closes the ranking with 0.236 mb/d, a slight increase of 0.001 mb/d on previous months. Although a more discreet player, this Central African country excels in the efficient management of its reserves, ensuring stable production. This consistency reinforces its relevance in the African oil landscape and underlines its strategic approach to energy issues.

From the deserts of Libya to the offshore areas of Nigeria and the river valleys of the Congo, these five nations illustrate the diversity and power of Africa's oil resources. Despite the pressures exerted by economic fluctuations and the energy transition, their ability to adapt and their constant contribution to OPEC underline their crucial importance. In January 2025, these countries will not only dominate continental production; they will also serve as a reminder that Africa remains an essential pillar of the global energy economy.